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cp(copy)

cp(copy)
功能说明:复制文件或目录。 
语  法:cp [-abdfilpPrRsuvx][-S <备份字尾字符串>][-V <备份方式>][--help][--spares=<使用时机>][--version][源文件或目录][目标文件或目录] [目的目录] 
补充说明:cp指令用在复制文件或目录,如同时指定两个以上的文件或目录,且最后的目的地是一个已经存在的目录,则它会把前面指定的所有文件或目录复制到该目录中。若同时指定多个文件或目录,而最后的目的地并非是一个已存在的目录,则会出现错误信息。
参  数:
 -a或--archive  此参数的效果和同时指定"-dpR"参数相同。 
 -b或--backup  删除,覆盖目标文件之前的备份,备份文件会在字尾加上一个备份字符串。 
 -d或--no-dereference  当复制符号连接时,把目标文件或目录也建立为符号连接,并指向与源文件或目录连接的原始文件或目录。 
 -f或--force  强行复制文件或目录,不论目标文件或目录是否已存在。 
 -i或--interactive  覆盖既有文件之前先询问用户。 
 -l或--link  对源文件建立硬连接,而非复制文件。 
 -p或--preserve  保留源文件或目录的属性。 
 -P或--parents  保留源文件或目录的路径。 
 -r  递归处理,将指定目录下的文件与子目录一并处理。 
 -R或--recursive  递归处理,将指定目录下的所有文件与子目录一并处理。 
 -s或--symbolic-link  对源文件建立符号连接,而非复制文件。 
 -S<备份字尾字符串>或--suffix=<备份字尾字符串>  用"-b"参数备份目标文件后,备份文件的字尾会被加上一个备份字符串,预设的备份字尾字符串是符号"~"。 
 -u或--update  使用这项参数后只会在源文件的更改时间较目标文件更新时或是 名称相互对应的目标文件并不存在,才复制文件。 
 -v或--verbose  显示指令执行过程。 
 -V<备份方式>或--version-control=<备份方式>  用"-b"参数备份目标文件后,备份文件的字尾会被加上一个备份字符串,这字符串不仅可用"-S"参数变更,当使用"-V"参数指定不同备份方式时,也会产生不同字尾的备份字串。  
 -x或--one-file-system  复制的文件或目录存放的文件系统,必须与cp指令执行时所处的文件系统相同,否则不予复制。 
 --help  在线帮助。 
 --sparse=<使用时机>  设置保存稀疏文件的时机。 
 --version  显示版本信息。

cp

cp [options] file1 file2 cp [options] files directory

Copy file1 to file2, or copy one or more files to the same names under directory. If the destination is an existing file, the file is overwritten; if the destination is an existing directory, the file is copied into the directory (the directory is not overwritten).

Options

-a, --archive

Preserve attributes of original files where possible. The same as -dpr.

-b, --backup

Back up files that would otherwise be overwritten.

-d, --no-dereference

Do not dereference symbolic links; preserve hard-link relationships between source and copy.

-f, --force

Remove existing files in the destination.

-i, --interactive

Prompt before overwriting destination files. On most systems, this flag is turned off by default except for the root user, who is normally prompted before overwriting files.

-l, --link

Make hard links, not copies, of nondirectories.

-p, --preserve

Preserve all information, including owner, group, permissions, and timestamps.

-P, --parents

Preserve intermediate directories in source. The last argument must be the name of an existing directory. For example, the command:

cp --parents jphekman/book/ch1 newdir

copies the file jphekman/book/ch1 to the file newdir/jphekman/book/ch1, creating intermediate directories as necessary.

-r, -R, --recursive

Copy directories recursively.

-S backup-suffix, --suffix=backup-suffix

Set suffix to be appended to backup files. This may also be set with the SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX environment variable. The default is ~. You need to explicitly include a period if you want one before the suffix (for example, specify .bak, not bak).

-s, --symbolic-link

Make symbolic links instead of copying. Source filenames must be absolute.

--sparse=[always|auto|never]

Handle files that have "holes" (are defined as a certain size but have less data). always creates a sparse file, auto creates one if the input file is sparse, and never creates a non-sparse file without holes.

-u, --update

Do not copy a file to an existing destination with the same or newer modification time.

-v, --verbose

Before copying, print the name of each file.

-V type, --version-control=type

Set the type of backups made. You may also use the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable. The default is existing. Valid arguments are:

t, numbered

Always make numbered backups.

nil, existing

Make numbered backups of files that already have them; otherwise, make simple backups.

never, simple

Always make simple backups.

-x, --one-file-system

Ignore subdirectories on other filesystems.

Example

Copy the contents of the guest directory recursively into the /archives/guest/ directory, and display a message for each file copied:

cd /archives && cp -av /home/guest guest